Three-Dimensional Lower Extremity Joint Loading in a Carved Ski and Snowboard Turn: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Average net ankle joint flexion (−)/extension (+) moments (), net adduction (+)/abduction (−) moments (), and net internal (+)/external (−) rotation moments () and standard deviations in the steering leg in skiing and snowboarding for each of the three phases.

	/ (SD) (Nm/kg)		/ (SD) (Nm/kg)		/ (SD) (Nm/kg)
	Ski	Snowboard	Ski	Snowboard	Ski	Snowboard
Phase 1	2.2 (2.0)	2.5 (0.7)	0.0 (1.6)	0.2 (0.4)	−0.9 (1.1)	1.9 (0.8)
Phase 2	2.2 (1.5)	3.3 (0.8)	−1.7 (1.5)	0.1 (0.9)	−0.6 (0.7)	2.3 (1.0)
Phase 3	0.1 (0.8)	3.6 (1.1)	−0.5 (0.9)	−1.6 (1.3)	−0.0 (0.4)	2.1 (0.7)