Three-Dimensional Lower Extremity Joint Loading in a Carved Ski and Snowboard Turn: A Pilot Study

Table 3

Average net knee joint forces in medial (−)/lateral (+) direction (), anterior (+)/posterior (−) direction (), and along the longitudinal axis () and standard deviations in the steering leg in skiing and snowboarding for each of the three phases.

	/ (SD)		/ (SD)		/ (SD)
	Ski	Snowboard	Ski	Snowboard	Ski	Snowboard
Phase 1	0.5 (0.2)	−0.1 (0.1)	0.7 (0.4)	0.4 (0.3)	0.8 (0.3)	0.2 (0.1)
Phase 2	0.5 (0.4)	−0.2 (0.3)	1.1 (0.4)	0.6 (0.3)	1.1 (0.3)	0.2 (0.1)
Phase 3	0.3 (0.2)	−0.1 (0.3)	0.4 (0.3)	0.9 (0.3)	0.5 (0.4)	0.2 (0.2)