Path-Counting Formulas for Generalized Kinship Coefficients and Condensed Identity Coefficients

Figure 20

(a) 𝑏 is a parent of 𝑎, and 𝑐 is a parent of 𝑏; (b) 𝑏 is a parent of 𝑎; (c) no individual who is a parent of another.

(a)

(b)

(c)