A Computational Model for Investigating Tumor Apoptosis Induced by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome

Figure 1

A schematic model of the three apoptosis signaling pathways. () The extrinsic pathway mediated by death receptors, () the intrinsic pathway centered on mitochondria, and () the perforin pathway induced by granzyme B. Each pathway activates its own initiator caspase (casp 8, 9, and 10) which in turn will activate the executioner caspase 3. A solid arrow indicates activation or upregulation, while a line terminated by a bar indicates inhibition or downregulation. The arrows with broken red lines indicate the cross-talk between these pathways.