Femoral Neck Strain during Maximal Contraction of Isolated Hip-Spanning Muscle Groups

Table 3

Moment arm range (minimum–maximum) across a physiological range of motion for each of the studied muscle bundles in the model and corresponding published values.

Muscle bundles		Model	Scheys et al., 2008	Arnold et al., 2000	Bonnefoy et al., 2007	Németh and Ohlsén, 1985	Németh and Ohlsén, 1989
Hip abduction	Gluteus medius anterior	4.7–5.7	1.0–4.0
	Gluteus medius medial	5.1–5.7	1.8–4.5
	Gluteus medius posterior	4.1–4.9	0.7–4.8
	Gluteus minimus anterior	4.1–4.7	0.2–3.8
	Gluteus minimus medial	4.2–5.3	1.0–4.0
	Gluteus minimus posterior	4.3–5.7	0–4.2
	Tensor fascia latae	4.7–6.8	2.0–6.5
Hip adduction	Adductor brevis	5.4–7.5	1.0–6.0
	Adductor longus	5.3–7.0	2.2–7.7
	Adductor magnus superior	6.5–8.2	3.0–6.0			2.4–6.0
	Adductor magnus medial	6.7–7.7	3.0–6.0
	Adductor magnus inferior	3.2–6.2	2.2–6.1
	Gracilis	8.4–9.4	1.0–7.8
Hip flexion	Ileopsoas	3.5–4.1		1.8–4.1
	Rectus femoris	2.1–4.2	1.9–5.0
	Sartorius	2.0–7.3	1.8–7.0
Hip extension	Biceps femoris long head	2.5–6.0	0.2–6.0
	Gluteus maximus anterior	4.6–5.3	N/A–4.0			3.1–7.5
	Gluteus maximus medial	5.3–6.9	N/A–4.5
	Gluteus maximus posterior	4.8–9.0	N/A–6.2
	Semimembranosus	1.4–5.4	N/A–5.9	3.1–4.1
	Semitendinosus	2.2–6.3	N/A–6.0	3.3–5.2
Knee flexion	Biceps femoris long head	4.1–5.5			2.1–7.1	4.0–7.0
	Biceps femoris short head	3.0–4.2
	Semimembranosus	2.9–4.1		3.1–4.1	2.2–5.5
	Semitendinosus	2.7–4.4		3.3–5.2
Knee extension	Rectus femoris	2.5–5.2			2.1–5.1
	Vastus intermedius	2.6–5.3
	Vastus lateralis	2.5–5.0
	Vastus medialis	2.4–4.9

Average ± standard deviation.