Analysis of Urine Flow in Three Different Ureter Models

Table 1

Description of the ureter models used in the study.

Case	Ureter	Number of side holes	Angular position of side holes	Interval of side holes	Stenosis
1	Tubular	0	—	—	None
2	Tubular	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	None
3	Tubular	22	0°, 180°	1 cm	None
4	Tubular	45	0°, 180°	0.5 cm	None
5	Tubular	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	One in ureter (at sixth side hole), 75% stenosis
6	Tubular	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	One in stent (at sixth side hole), 30% stenosis
7	Funnel	0	—	—	None
8	Funnel	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	None
9	Funnel	22	0°, 180°	1 cm	None
10	Funnel	45	0°, 180°	0.5 cm	None
11	Funnel	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	One in ureter (at sixth side hole), 75% stenosis
12	Funnel	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	One in stent (at sixth side hole), 30% stenosis
13	Undulated	0	—	—	None
14	Undulated	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	None
15	Undulated	22	0°, 180°	1 cm	None
16	Undulated	45	0°, 180°	0.5 cm	None
17	Undulated	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	One in ureter (at sixth side hole), 75% stenosis
18	Undulated	11	0°, 180°	2 cm	One in stent (at sixth side hole), 30% stenosis