Assessment of Differential Item Functioning in Health-Related Outcomes: A Simulation and Empirical Analysis with Hierarchical Polytomous Data

<div>Type I error for between-cluster DIF variable by method, ICC, sample size per cluster, number of cluster, and item discrimination. The horizontal black dashed line represents the nominal alpha level of 0.05.</div>

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Figure 2: Assessment of Differential Item Functioning in Health-Related Outcomes: A Simulation and Empirical Analysis with Hierarchical Polytomous Data 

Figure 2 | Assessment of Differential Item Functioning in Health-Related Outcomes: A Simulation and Empirical Analysis with Hierarchical Polytomous Data 