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Cite | Methods | Findings | Participants/Apparatus |
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2016 [25] | Subjects responded to targets presented on a hemispherical screen with diverse eccentricity. | PwAD recognized less targets in the center. No difference was found with CG on the peripheral targets. | AD: 18 CG: 20 Apparatus: Hemispherical screen Octupus 900 with camera used for eye tracking. |
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2017 [26] | The King-Devick test (with saccadic and other movements) was applied to subjects. | The King-Devick test may a tool to detect cognitive impairment associated with AD. | AD: 32 CG: 135 MCI: 39 Apparatus: N/A |
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2016 [27] | Subjects looked a series of slides containing four images of different emotional themes. | PwAD with apathy had diminished attentional bias toward social-themed stimuli. | AD: 36 (Apathy: 17 Not apathy: 19) Apparatus: Binocular eye tracking system developed by EL-MAR Inc. |
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2016 [11] | Eye movements from subjects were examined during reading regular and high predictable sentences. | PwAD gaze was longer than CG gaze. CG decreased gaze duration with high predictable sentences suggesting reading enhancement using stored information. | AD: 35 CG: 35 Apparatus: EyeLink 1000. Chinrest to control eye movements. |
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2015 [28] | Subjects performed a variety of tasks: walking, through stairs, through a room with and without obstacles. | The Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) patient had longer mean fixation durations than PwAD and CG. Mean fixation duration between PwAD and CG was similar. | AD: 1 CG:1 PCA: 1 Apparatus: SMI mobile eye tracker |
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2015 [29] | Eye movements from subjects were examined while read sentences. | PwAD had more fixations on regular and high predictable sentences. PwAD spend more time reading the sentence. CG had less frequent second pass fixation over sentences. | AD: 35 CG-elderly: 35 Apparatus: EyeLink 1000. Chinrest to control eye movements. |
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2015 [19] | Longitudinal study with Gap and overlap paradigms. | PwAD had slower reaction times than CG. Prosaccades did not deteriorate after the 12-month longitudinal study in AD. | AD: 11 CG elderly: 25 Apparatus: ExpressEye |
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2015 [30] | Subjects made saccadic movement to photographs to target instructed scenes (natural vs urban, indoor vs outdoor) | Were found differences between controls and PwAD on accuracy but not saccadic latency. | AD: 24 CG age-matched: 28 CG young: 26 Apparatus: Eye tracker (Red-M, Senso-Motoric Instruments) |
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2015 [23] | Eye movements from subjects were examined while read proverbs. | PwAD have less word predictability than CG. | AD: 20 CG: 40 Apparatus: EyeLink 1000. Chinrest to control eye movements. |
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2014 [31] | Eye movements from subjects were examined while read low and high predictable sentences. | CG have shorter gaze duration on high predictable sentences. PwAD have similar gaze duration on both low and high predictable sentences. PwAD gaze duration is longer than CG. | AD: 20 CG age-matched: 40 Apparatus: EyeLink 1000. Chinrest to control eye movements. |
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2014 [32] | Eye movements from subjects were examined while read sentences | PwAD have altered visual exploration and absence on contextual predictability. | AD: 18 HC age-matched: 40 Apparatus: EyeLink 2K. Chinrest to control eye movements. |
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2013 [33] | Eye movements from subjects were examined while read sentences | PwAD evidences marked alterations in eye movement behavior during reading. | AD: 20 CG age-matched: 25 Apparatus: EyeLink 1000. Chinrest to control eye movements. |
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2014 [12] | Subjects were asked to spot an animal target contained in Colored photographs along with other distracting items. | PwAD were significate less accurate than elderly controls. Elder were less accurate than young controls. | AD: 17 mild AD. CG elderly: 23 CG young: 24. Apparatus: Eye tracker (Senso-Motoric Instruments) |
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2014 [34] | Subjects were required to look to a small fixation cross for 20 seconds on the center of a screen. | CG and PwAD showed significantly differences of microsaccade direction. | AD: 18 MCI: 15 CG age-matched: 21 Apparatus: Eye See Cam |
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2013 [35] | Visual targets were presented to subjects in a dim room. Prosaccade and antisaccade trials. | The antisaccade taks performance serves as a measure of executive function on PwAD. | AD: 28 MCI: 36 CG elderly: 118 Apparatus: Dual Purkinje Image Tracker. Heads stabilized on a chinrest. |
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2013 [36] | Pro-saccade and anti-saccade tasks. Gap and overlap paradigms. | PwAD have an excessive proportion of uncorrected errors in the antisaccade test. | AD: 18 Parkinson disease: 25 CG-young: 17 CG elderly: 18. Apparatus: Head mounted device ExpressEye eyetracker. |
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2013 [37] | Horizontal and vertical saccades. Gap and overlap paradigms on a black computer screen. | A link between MMSE and saccade latency. | AD: 25 Amnestic MCI: 18 CG elderly: 30 Apparatus: Head mounted Eyeseecam |
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