Computational Prediction of the Combined Effect of CRT and LVAD on Cardiac Electromechanical Delay in LBBB and RBBB

Figure 1

Schematics of the electrical and mechanical elements coupled with transient calcium. Electrical element: it represents the currents, pumps, and exchanger of the ten Tusscher ionic model as explained in equation (1). Mechanical element: a schematic diagram of the finite-element ventricular mechanical model coupled with the circulatory and LVAD models. P_RV, RV pressure; V_RV, RV volume; P_LV, LV pressure; V_LV, LV volume; R_PA, pulmonary artery resistance; C_PA, pulmonary artery compliance; R_PV, pulmonary vein resistance; C_PV, pulmonary vein compliance; R_MI, mitral valve resistance; C_LA, left atrium compliance; R_AO, aortic valve resistance; R_SA, systemic artery resistance; C_SA, systemic artery compliance; R_SV, systemic vein resistance; C_SV, systemic vein compliance; R_TR tricuspid valve resistance; C_RA, right atrium compliance; R_PU, pulmonary valve resistance.