Analysis of Exercise-Induced Periodic Breathing Using an Autoregressive Model and the Hilbert-Huang Transform

Figure 1

A cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) system and breathing patterns. (a) A CPET machine is comprised of a cycle ergometer and pneumotachometer. During the test, the bicycle workload for the patient is increased until maximal exertion is reached. (b–d) Breathing patterns include eupneic, gasping, and periodic breathing (PB). Tidal volume is the volume of air exchange between inhalation and exhalation.

(a) Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) system

(b) Eupneic breathing

(c) Gasping breathing

(d) Exercise-induced periodic breathing