Feasibility of an AI-Based Measure of the Hand Motions of Expert and Novice Surgeons

Figure 1

Optimization of the AI system. The AI system consists of a chaos neural network made of three layers: an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The input layer consists of eight previously identified input factors, the hidden layer consists of 30 neurons, and the output layer consists of two neurons as identifiers: 1 (expert) and 0 (novice). To optimize its ability to distinguish skills correctly, the neural network learned via machine learning from a training dataset consisting of parameters from 38 surgeons (11 experts and 27 novices).