Patient-Specific Phantomless Estimation of Bone Mineral Density and Its Effects on Finite Element Analysis Results: A Feasibility Study

Figure 5

BMD contour plot at the axial level of the L2 vertebra: (a) the reference BMD using an external phantom, (b) BMD estimated using the proposed phantomless HU-to-BMD conversion, (c) a deviation between the reference and estimated BMD values, and (d) BMD deviation on a different scale.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)