A Pilot Study of Parameter-Optimized Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation for the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Viability Improvement

Table 3

BMSCs viability (%) after LIPUS stimulation with 6 min.

Voltage (V)	Frequency (MHz)
	0	0.6	0.8	1	1.2
5	100	105.89 ± 10.51	111.86 ± 6.87	111.91 ± 6.09	101.8 ± 9.8
Confidence intervals (%)	[100,100]	[100.97,110.81]	[108.64,115.07]	[109.06,114.76]	[97.21,106.38]
values	—	0.017	2.64E − 09	1.22E − 10	0.418
6	100	105.94 ± 14.42	114.28 ± 7.7	114.45 ± 7.28	101.75 ± 9.43
Confidence intervals (%)	[100,100]	[99.19,112.69]	[110.68,117.89]	[111.04,117.86]	[97.33,106.16]
values	—	0.073	4.70E − 10	8.56E − 11	0.412
7	100	109.02 ± 10.41	114.06 ± 7.33	114.64 ± 6.6	101.73 ± 10.3
Confidence intervals (%)	[100,100]	[104.15,113.90]	[110.63,117.49]	[111.55,117.73]	[96.91,106.55]
values	—	0.0004	1.99E − 10	4.24E − 12	0.458
8	100	104.79 ± 16.66	107.28 ± 18.14	106.86 ± 20.24	102.77 ± 16.21
Confidence intervals (%)	[100,100]	[96.99,112.58]	[98.79,115.77]	[97.38,116.33]	[95.18,110.35]
values	—	0.206	0.081	0.138	0.45

Data presented as mean ± SD, n = 20 (, ).