A Pilot Study of Parameter-Optimized Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation for the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Viability Improvement

Table 4

BMSCs viability (%) after LIPUS stimulation with 9 min.

Voltage (V)	Frequency (MHz)
	0	0.6	0.8	1	1.2
5	100	107.64 ± 8.97	112.64 ± 3.53	114.33 ± 2.74	102.18 ± 6.7
Confidence intervals (%)	[100,100]	[103.44,111.84]	[110.99,114.29]	[113.04,115.61]	[99.05,105.32]
values	—	0.0005	1.66E − 18	3.90E − 24	0.153
6	100	106.63 ± 12.5	118.55 ± 5.75	119.57 ± 3.85	100.67 ± 10.46
Confidence intervals (%)	[100,100]	[100.78,112.49]	[115.87,121.24]	[117.77,121.37]	[95.77,105.56]
values	—	0.023	5.15E − 17	1.00E − 23	0.777
7	100	108.78 ± 9.49	116.21 ± 6.41	116.61 ± 7.49	102.36 ± 9.62
Confidence intervals (%)	[100,100]	[104.34,113.22]	[113.21,119.21]	[113.10,120.11]	[97.85,106.86]
values	—	0.0002	9.86E − 14	4.28E − 12	0.28
8	100	103.17 ± 13.78	106.05 ± 14.84	105.95 ± 14.88	101.17 ± 10.47
Confidence intervals (%)	[100,100]	[96.72,109.62]	[99.10,112.10]	[98.99,112.91]	[96.27,106.07]
values	—	0.31	0.076	0.082	0.62

Data presented as mean ± SD, n = 20 (, ).