Research Article
Modeling the Effects of Helminth Infection on the Transmission Dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under Optimal Control Strategies
Table 1
Description of the model parameters.
| Parameters | Definition | Estimated value | Reference |
| | Natural birth rate | | [14] | | Transmission rate for Mtb | | [15] | | Natural death rate | | [16] | | Loss of temporary immunity for helminth-recovered individuals | | | Assumed | | Ingestion rate of parasitic worms | | Assumed | | Vaccine wane rate | dimensionless | [17] | | Natural recovery rate for helminth-infected individuals | | | [18] | | Helminth disease-induced death rate | | | [14] | | Loss of temporary immunity for Mtb-recovered individuals | | | [19] | | Natural recovery rate for Mtb-infected individuals | | | [20] | | Mtb disease-induced death rate | | [17] | | Helminth-Mtb disease-induced death rate | | | Assumed | | Progression to active TB | | [21] | | Clearance rate of parasitic worms | | [14] | | Shading rate for helminth-infected individuals | | | [18] | | Number of parasites in the environment | parasites | [18] | | Shading rate for coinfected individuals | | Assumed | | Modification parameter | dimensionless | Assumed | | Modification parameter | dimensionless | Assumed |
|
|