Modeling the Effects of Helminth Infection on the Transmission Dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under Optimal Control Strategies

Table 1

Description of the model parameters.

Parameters	Definition	Estimated value	Reference
	Natural birth rate		[14]
	Transmission rate for Mtb		[15]
	Natural death rate		[16]
	Loss of temporary immunity for helminth-recovered individuals
			Assumed
	Ingestion rate of parasitic worms		Assumed
	Vaccine wane rate	dimensionless	[17]
	Natural recovery rate for helminth-infected individuals
			[18]
	Helminth disease-induced death rate
			[14]
	Loss of temporary immunity for Mtb-recovered individuals
			[19]
	Natural recovery rate for Mtb-infected individuals
			[20]
	Mtb disease-induced death rate		[17]
	Helminth-Mtb disease-induced death rate
			Assumed
	Progression to active TB		[21]
	Clearance rate of parasitic worms		[14]
	Shading rate for helminth-infected individuals
			[18]
	Number of parasites in the environment	parasites	[18]
	Shading rate for coinfected individuals		Assumed
	Modification parameter	dimensionless	Assumed
	Modification parameter	dimensionless	Assumed