Broad Learning Enhanced ¹H-MRS for Early Diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Figure 1

(a) and (b) are the axial view of the basal ganglion slice obtained by multivoxel MRS from HCs, whereas (c) and (d) are from NPSLE patients. (e) and (f) are the attained spectra of the volumes by LCModel from HCs corresponding to the axial view (a) and (b), respectively, whereas (g) and (h) are from NPSLE patients corresponding to the axial view (c) and (d), respectively. NAA is the abbreviation for N-acetylaspartate, NAAG is the abbreviation for N-acetylaspartylglutamate, Cho is the abbreviation for choline, tCr is the abbreviation for total creatine, mI is the abbreviation for myo-inositol, and Glx is the abbreviation for glutamine+glutamate. The chemical shift values in (e)–(h) ranging from 4.0 ppm (leftmost) to 0.2 ppm (rightmost) are divided into 38 equally spaced intervals, e.g., 1 ppm per interval. From (a) to (h), the visual differences of the axial view of the basal ganglion slices and the spectra of the volumes from NPSLE patients and HCs are subtle.

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