Seven Mathematical Models of Hemorrhagic Shock

Table 6

Variables and parameters of the cardiovascular model (adapted from Tab. 1 in Zenker et al. [13], p. 2082).

Symbol	Description
	Heart rate
	Duration of systole and diastole, respectively
	Stroke work, work of heart in a cardiac cycle
	Cardiac output
	Stroke volume, volume of ejected blood in a cardiac cycle
	End-systolic ventricular volume; end-diastolic ventricular volume
	Constants describing passive empirical ventricular pressure/volume relationship
	Hydraulic resistance to ventricular filling, with valve allowing unidirectional flow
	End-diastolic pressure at the end of ventricular filling
	Left ventricular pressure; arterial pressure; venous pressure
	Ventricular volume; arterial volume; venous volume
	Arterial and venous unstressed volume (at 0 mmHg of wall tension pressure), respectively
	Total peripheral/systemic hydraulic vascular resistance
	Arterial to venous compartment flow through capillary vessels
	Preload recruitable stroke work, an index of how much contractility and stroke work increase with increasing diastolic filling
	Arterial and venous compartment compliances, respectively
	Baroreflex response time constant
	Baroreflex feedback loop set point
	Constant describing shape and maximal slope of logistic baroreflex nonlinearity