Flow Simulation in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Two Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Successful and Failed Surgery

Figure 3

(a1–h1) Axial velocity distribution and (a2–h2) axial velocity streamline distribution in the sagittal plane for subject 1 (a1–d1, a2–d2) before surgery and (e1–h1, e2–h2) after surgery. (a1, a2, e1, e2) Standard k-ε solution; (b1, b2, f1, f2) standard k-ω solution; (c1, c2, g1, g2) k-ω SST solution; (d1, d2, h1, h2) LES solution.