Multistage Optimization Using a Modified Gaussian Mixture Model in Sperm Motility Tracking
Table 5
Comparison of overall performance between proposed method, adaptive threshold, and global threshold.
Criteria
Proposed method
Adaptive threshold
Global threshold
Accuracy ()
Sensitivity ()
Specificity ()
Processing time (second)
>1 min
<1 min
<0.5 min
Detected sperm features
Head, midpiece, tail
Head, midpiece, tail
Head, midpiece, tail
Immotile sperms
Not detected
Detected
Detected
Advantage
Able to locate only moving sperms due to optimization algorithm in modified GMM
Accurately detect whole sperm body in less than 1 minute
Accurately detect whole sperm body in less than 0.5 min
Disadvantage
Longer processing time
Unnecessary objects such as immotile sperms and debris are considered, thus causing inaccurate tracking
Unnecessary objects such as immotile sperms and debris are considered, thus causing inaccurate tracking
Processing time is referred to the time required for the method to accurately track the sperms in the consecutive 50 frames. 50 frames were selected for consistency in comparison.
