[Retracted] Breast Cancer Cells Metastasize to the Tissue-Engineered Premetastatic Niche by Using an Osteoid-Formed Polycaprolactone/Nanohydroxyapatite Scaffold

Figure 1

Design features and structural characterization of the 3D printed PCL-nHA scaffolds. (a) The diameter and spacing of the struts in each layer was 500 μm. Each layer is patterned with 0°/60°/120° angled struts to create a porous structure. (b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PCL-nHA scaffolds showed that the designed features were successfully reproduced after 3D printing, with nHA particles embedded in the PCL filaments (white oval). (c) The metallographic microscopy image suggested that the struts in the scaffolds had a uniformly distributed structure. (d) nHA ( wt%, ) in the PCL-nHA composite filament was detected by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at 700°C. Data are presented as the (). PCL: polycaprolactone; nHA: nanohydroxyapatite.

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