Effect of Prenatal Perineal Massage on Postpartum Perineal Injury and Postpartum Complications: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Basic characteristics of the literature and assessment of risk of bias.

Author	Country	Year	No. of patients		Risk of basis
			Perineal massage	Control
Ali H	Egypt	2015	50	70	High
Amira S. Dieb	Egypt	2019	200	200	High
B. Bodner-Adler	Austria	2002	121	410	Uncertain
Dönmez S	Turkey	2015	30	39	High
Elsebeiy	Egypt	2018	37	43	Low
Georgina Stamp	Australia	2001	708	632	Uncertain
Kate Davidson	United States	2000	269	93	Uncertain
Labrecque	Canada	1999	646	658	Uncertain
M. K. Shipman	UK	1997	332	350	Low
Maeve Eogan	Ireland	2006	100	79	High
María Álvarez-González	Spain	2021	60	30	Uncertain
Michel Labrecque	Canada	2000	470	479	Uncertain
Mohamed	Egypt	2011	30	30	Uncertain
Shahoei R	Iran	2016	75	75	Uncertain
Shimada	Japan	2005	30	33	Low
Ugwu	Nigeria	2018	53	55	High