The Clinical Application Value of the Prognostic Nutritional Index for the Overall Survival Prognosis of Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A Robust Real-World Observational Study in China

Table 4

Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses of OS in patients of the testing cohort.

Variable	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value
Age (60/>60)	0.943 (0.801-1.111)	0.483
Postoperative adjuvant treatment (no/yes)	1.004 (0.926-1.088)	0.928
Gender (female/male)	0.74 (0.655-0.836)	<0.001	0.677 (0.529-0.866)	0.002
KPS score (≥80/≤70)	1.136 (0.568-2.275)	0.718
Tumor size (<5 cm/≥5 cm)	0.764 (0.705-0.829)	<0.001	0.8 (0.674-0.949)	0.01
Tumor grade
Well differentiated	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Moderate differentiated	1.475 (1.153-1.886)	0.002	1.232 (0.96-1.581)	0.101
Poorly differentiated	1.565 (1.225-1.997)	<0.001	1.428 (1.114-1.831)	0.005
Other	0.314 (0.127-0.773)	0.012	0.567 (0.228-1.407)	0.221
Tumor location
Lower chest	1 (reference)
Middle chest	1.059 (0.857-1.310)	0.595
Upper chest	1.129 (0.892-1.429)	0.314
T stage (T0-2/T3-4)	0.637 (0.574-0.706)	<0.001	0.601 (0.484-0.745)	<0.001
N stage (N0-1/N2-3)	0.566 (0.521-0.615)	<0.001	0.584 (0.482-0.708)	<0.001
M stage (M0/M1)	0.219 (0.133-0.361)	<0.001	0.12 (0.044-0.329)	<0.001
TNM stage (I-II/III-IV)	0.542 (0.494-0.596)	<0.001	0.473 (0.38-0.588)	<0.001
PNI (<49/≥49)	1.145 (1.055-1.243)	0.001	1.212 (1.027-1.431)	0.023