[Retracted] Animal Models and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis

Table 4

Establishing UC model based on chemical stimulation methods.

Drug name	Modeling method	Animal	Specific modeling method	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
DSS	Free drinking or gavage	Rats	DSS solution free drinking for 7 d or DSS solution by gavage for 7 d.	Easy to make, high success rate, good reproducibility, lesion symptoms are very similar to human UC.	Long modeling period, influenced by many factors, unstable experimental data, difficult to make a successful and stable model.	[86–88]
		Mice	DSS solution free drinking for 7 d or; DSS solution by gavage for 7 d.
OXZ	Skin sensitization+gavage	Rats	Oxazolone applied to exposed skin for 7 d continuously combined with oxazolone gavage.	Simple operation, rapid model establishment, good reproducibility, very similar to UC in humans.	Duration of disease is maintained for a relatively short period of time and the exact mechanism is not fully understood.	[80]; [89]
		Mice	Oxazolone ethanol solution combined with oxazolone ethanol solution enema.
DNCB	Skin sensitization+enema	Rats	DNCB for 7 d, then DNCB, enema for 2 d.	Simple operation, high similarity in pathology to human UC.	More tedious operation, requires prior sensitization, inflammation is self-healing.	[90]
TNBS	Enema	Rats	TNBS ethanol solution enema.	Simple operation, good reproducibility, shorter time to induce ulceration, longer duration of lesions.	TNBS stimulation is too severe, easy mucosal ulceration perforation, and death.	[91]; [92]
		Mice	TNBS enema for 7 d.