[Retracted] Animal Models and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis

Table 6

Composite method to establish UC model.

Name	Modeling method	Animal	Specific modeling method	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
TNBS+ethanol	Enema	Rats	TNBS ethanol solution enema	Modeling method is simple and economical; high modeling efficiency; good model stability; good reproducibility; similar to human UC.	Its inflammatory manifestations are more similar to Crohn’s disease.	[96]; [28]; [97]
		Mice	TNBS ethanol solution by enema, and 7 d later by TNBS ethanol solution by enema.
DNCB+acetic acid	Skin sensitization+enema	Rats	DNCB acetone solution drip back once for 14 d and enema with DNCB ethanol solution for 15 d.	Consistent with UC characteristics; long duration, high success rate, reproducible and simple.	Modeling is cumbersome.	[98]
DNCB+ethanol	Enema	Rats	DNCB ethanol solution for 2 d continuously	Overcome the short duration and lack of self-healing of DNCB; similar to human UC.	Long time required for modeling.	[53]; [99]
	Skin sensitization+enema	Mice	DNCB solution applied to abdomen for 4 d followed by DNCB ethanol solution enema for 5 d.
DSS+acetic acid	Free drinking+enema	Rats	Free drinking of DSS solution for 7 d, fasting without water for 1 d and enema with acetic acid solution.	Simple and easy to perform; short modeling time; high success rate; good reproducibility; long self-healing time.	Acetic acid enema is likely to cause death in rats.	[100]
DNCB+acetic acid+ethanol	Skin sensitization+enema	Rats	DNCB acetone solution dribbled back for 14 d, enema with DNCB ethanol solution for 15 d, acetic acid solution injected at same site for 16 d.	Similar to human colorectal UC disease.	Acetic acid enema tends to cause animal death.	[101]
DMH+DSS	Intraperitoneal injection+free drinking	Mice	Intraperitoneal injection of DMH and free drinking of DSS, with 18 weeks.	Simple and easy; good reproducibility; similar to human UC disease.	Large doses or prolonged use of DMH can induce intestinal cancer.	[44]