Performance of Restricted Mean Survival Time Based Methods and Traditional Survival Methods: An Application in an Oncological Data
Table 2
Basic characteristics and univariable analyses including traditional methods and restricted mean survival time based methods.
Covariates
Description
Group comparison
Univariable regression
Survival rate
Difference in RMST a
Cox regression b
RMST-based regression
Log-rank
Wilcoxon
PV regression a
IPCW regression (individual weights) a
IPCW regression (group-specified weight) a
Age (continuous)
30 (19, 54)
—
—
—
1.13, <0.001
-4.09, <0.001
-4.35, <0.001
—
Age (binary)
>60 years
841(19.09%)
<0.001
<0.001
-146.64, <0.001
3.82, <0.001
-147.29, <0.001
-137.17, <0.001
-146.43, <0.001
< =60 years
3564(80.91%)
—
—
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Sex
Male
2513(57.05%)
0.005
0.058
-24.31, 0.004
Time-varying
-24.22, 0.004
-60.12, 0.46
-23.98, 0.42
Female
—
—
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Year of diagnosis
1970s~1980s
803 (18.23%)
<0.001
<0.001
-26.89, <0.001
1.32, <0.001
-28.03, <0.001
178.96, <0.001
-26.27, <0.001
1990s~2000s
3602(81.77%)
—
—
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Race
White
3373(76.57%)
0.04
0.004
-12.60, 0.21
Time-varying
-12.15, 0.21
-40.21, 0.71
-12.80, 0.74
Others
1032(23.43%)
—
—
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Tumor size
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
>100 mm
209(4.74%)
—
—
-50.03, <0.001
Time-varying
-58.56, <0.001
-33.62, 0.010
-50.02, 0.07
Unknown
3541(80.39%)
—
—
-36.45, <0.001
Time-varying
-39.35, <0.001
72.64, <0.001
-37.02, <0.001
<100 mm
655(14.87%)
—
—
—
Reference
Reference
Extend of disease
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Metastasis
887(20.14%)
—
—
-164.09, <0.001
6.34, <0.001
-183.43, <0.001
-113.45, <0.001
-164.05, <0.001
Local invasion
261(5.93%)
—
—
-60.15, <0.001
1.98, <0.001
-71.54, <0.001
-22.99, <0.001
-60.18, <0.001
Unknown
2974(67.51%)
—
—
-82.28, <0.001
2.50, <0.001
-93.62, <0.001
2.21, <0.001
-82.94, <0.001
Confined
283(6.42%)
—
—
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
AJCC
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
III + IV
421(9.56%)
—
—
-84.75, <0.001
Time-varying
-74,77, <0.001
-67.47, <0.001
-84.90, <0.001
II
886(20.11%)
—
—
-33.62, <0.001
Time-varying
-26.51, <0.001
-41.22, <0.001
-33.82, <0.001
Unknown
2891(65.63%)
—
—
-45.51, <0.001
Time-varying
-38.16, <0.001
-3.95, 0.11
-45.40, <0.001
I
207(4.07%)
—
—
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Surgery, yes
3427(77.80%)
<0.001
<0.001
121.41, <0.001
0.37, <0.001
121.11, <0.001
18.17, 0.88
121.05, <0.001
Radiation, yes
621(14.10%)
<0.001
<0.001
-133.53, <0.001
2.54, <0.001
-134.41, <0.001
-29.15, 0.73
-133.39, <0.001
Chemotherapy, yes
2959(67.17%)
<0.001
<0.001
16.26, 0.048
Time-varying
17.04, 0.05
-137.623, 0.001
16.06, 0.27
RMST, restricted mean survival time. IPCW, inverse probability of censored weighting. AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer for staging. a Presented as point estimation of coefficient (difference in RMST) and corresponding value. b Presented as point estimation of hazard ratio and corresponding value or “time-varying”. . Overall test for categorical covariates with more than 2 groups.