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| P (problem) | E (etiology) | S (signs and symptoms) |
|
| (1) Invalid denied | (a) Relating to the generation of denial of a particular scene
(b) Associated with the observed overstimulation of the disease
(c) Associated with ACI | (a) Delay or refuse rehabilitation training
(b) Refusing to talk about the pain caused by the disease, and making gestures or remarks of dismissal when talking about painful things
(c) Willfully ignoring certain symptoms and dangers |
| (2) Impaired adjustment | (a) Associated with impaired physical mobility after ACI that causes changes in lifestyle
(b) Associated with damage to self-esteem
(c) Related to insufficient support systems | (a) Self-reported inability to accept changes in health status
(b) Too long denial of changes in health status, showing anger
(c) Lack of practical action to solve the problem and future-oriented requirements |
| (3) Self-image disorder | (a) Associated with ACI
(b) Related to mental stress from social environment
(c) Conflicts with others’ acceptance of human appearance
(d) Related to patients’ expectations of appearance and activity requirements | (a) Negative responses to existing changes in bodily function, feelings of shame, guilt, and disgust
(b) Avoid talking about the function of altered parts of the body
(c) Have pain, depression, sadness, and other negative emotions
(d) Avoid social contact |
| (4) Presentimental sadness | (a) Relating to the loss of work capacity and social status
(b) Relating to the prospect of loss of property
(c) Relating to the lack of effective support
(d) Associated with a lack of experience in dealing with ACI
(e) Associated with ACI | (a) The patient has a premonition that important things will be lost and shows negative emotions about the expected loss
(b) Withdrawal behavior, loss of interest in life, changes in daily activities, and ambivalence
(c) Excessive emotional reaction, denial, self-blame, depression, anger, and anxiety
(d) Changes in physiological function and sleep disorders |
| (5) Spiritual distress | (a) Associated with life-threatening
(b) Related to the loss of some self-care ability and social status
(c) The value of fuzzy | (a) Abnormal behavior and emotions, crying, withdrawal, anxiety, depression, anger, and denial
(b) Significant changes in sleep and mental outlook
(c) Express doubts about their own values and thus feel spiritually empty
(d) Seek spiritual sustenance and spiritual help |
| (6) Anxiety | (a) Relating to a premonition that the patient’s health is at risk
(b) Associated with threats to self-concept
(c) Associated with a premonition of misfortune | (a) Abnormal emotions and behaviors such as speaking too fast, helplessness, and self-accusation
(b) Too much attention to oneself and self-reported worries and worries
(c) Inability to concentrate, repeat aimless movements, and avoid behavior |
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