Exercise Intervention Improves Blood Glucose Levels and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in GDM Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

General information of the literature included in this study.

Included literature	Country	Study type	Sample size		Exercise interventions			Exercise time (min)	Outcome indicators
			Experimental group	Control group	Movement mode	Frequency	Intensity
Bo [13]	Italy	RCT	101	99	Brisk walking	Daily	Mild	20	①②④⑤⑥⑦
Chen [8]	China	RCT	79	60	Strolling	Daily	Mild	30	①②③④⑤
Ding [14]	China	RCT	210	218	Strolling	Daily	Mild	60	①②④⑤⑥⑧
Guelfi [11]	Australia	RCT	85	84	Stretch/ride	2-3 times a week	Mild	60	①②③④⑤
Jin [12]	China	RCT	65	66	Gymnastics	3 times a week	Moderate	50	①②④⑤⑥⑦⑧
Kokic [4]	Australia	RCT	18	20	Aerobic/resistance exercise	3 times a week	Moderate	50-55	①②⑤⑥
Sununta [15]	Thailand	RCT	85	85	Yoga	3 times a week	Moderate	45	①②③
Wu [2]	China	RCT	75	75	Aerobic/resistance exercise	5 times a week	Moderate	30	①②④⑤⑥
Zhao [3]	China	RCT	43	46	Resistance exercise	3 times a week	Moderate	50-60	①②④⑤⑥⑦⑧

Note: ① Fasting blood glucose; ② blood glucose 2 hours after a meal; ③ glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); ④ premature birth; ⑤ cesarean section; ⑥ neonatal macrosomia; ⑦ premature rupture of membranes; ⑧ neonatal hypoglycemia.