| Plant-based raw and processed products | Type of NMR/approach | Key findings | Reference |
| Honey | NMR + chemometrics | Detected saccharides, amino acids, aldehydes, aliphatic and aromatic compounds | [41] |
| Moringa oleifera leaves | 1H NMR | Successfully analysed metabolites at different concentrations and highlighted the antioxidant potential for high immune system | [44] |
| Purple carrot | NMR-1H TOCSY with PCA | Detected various bioactive compounds amino acids, aromatic amino acids, phenlypropanoid, GABA, chloregenic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, etc. Identified several biomarkers to find optimal harvest time of purple carrots | [45] |
| Beer | 1H NMR + chemometrics | A clear discrimination of compounds from 31 samples of beer Both targeted and untargeted approaches gave high resolution of metabolites | [46] |
| Legume sprouts | 1H NMR + chemometrics | 32 metabolites were identified to different classes, i.e., fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, sterols, alkaloids, and isoflavoinoids | [47] |
| Pineapple waste extracts | 1H NMR | Successfully investigated metabolite profile of pineapple peel, crown and core extracted from different ethanolic ratios Also identified toxic compounds and co-relation between plant metabolomics and their bioactivity | [48] |
| Short cake biscuits | NMR-low field | Indicated a reduction in dynamics of water molecules bound to polymer matrix Rheological characteristics such as reduction in hardness of cookies was analysed by NMR imaging | [49] |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | NMR-MS | Identified unknown metabolite accurately such as glucosinolates and glucoraphanin | [50] |
| Guava leaf extract | 1H NMR + principle component analyses | High degree of variation detected by PCA analyses of 1H NMR spectra Signals detected aliphatic and aromatic regions suggesting both primary and secondary metabolties such as quercitin, ferullic acid, and gallic acid | [51] |
| Coffee arabica roasted beans | 1H NMR and static headspace gas chromatography (SHGH)-MS | Detected 20 water-soluble compounds and 43 volatile compounds such as n-methyl pyridiniun, formic acid, caffeine, choline, propionic acid, 2-furyl methanol | [52] |
| Corylus avellana leaves (hazelnut) | 1H NMR and principal component analysis, partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLSDA) | 30 metabolites were detected such as valine, kaempferol, giffonin, quercitin, and carpinotriol | [53] |
| Anogeissus leiocarpus DC stem bark | 1H NMR-HPLC-DAD-MS | Detected 59 compounds including 43 ellagitannins and 16 triterpenoids such as roburin, vescalin, castalin, etc. | [54] |
| Apple | 1H NMR | Identified 4 sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, xylose) and 6 amino acids (Alaline, aspargine, asparatate, γ-amino butyric acid, isoleucine and valine) and 9 organic acids (acetic, citric, etc.) | [55] |
| Commercial date palm | 1H NMR + UPLC-MS | 35 metabolites were detected in the commercial product such as quercitin, procyanidins, kaempferol, catechin, salicylic acid, disaccharides, protocatechuic acid, and glyceric acid. | [56] |
| Seabuckthorn | 1H NMR-PLSDA | Numerous new bioactives such betaine, spermidin, adonitol, beta-alanine, creatine, xylitol, taurine, etc. other than 100 bioactives were found | [57] |
| Sugarcane juice | 1H NMR | 42 compounds such luteolin, apigenin, gentsic acid, malic acid, formic acid, aspartate, fatty acids, valine, etc. were successfully detected. | [58] |
| Mango | 1H NMR + PCA | Detected compounds such as malonic acid, phenyl alanine, glutamine, lysine, ethylisobutanote, and phosphocholine | [59] |
| Rice (white, black, and red) | 1H NMR and PLSDA | Tyrosine, gallic acid, ferrulic acid, sinapic acid, xylose, galactitol, tocopherol, oryzanol, linolenic acid, oxoglutaric acid, α-aminobutyric acid, etc. were detected | [60] |
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