Integrating “Hard” and “Soft” Infrastructural Resilience Assessment for Water Distribution Systems
Table 4
GT measures for the analysis of the organizational dimension of resilience.
Metric
Description
Meaning for the organizational dimension
Resilience dimension
Agent knowledge congruence
The number of knowledge that an agent lacks to complete its assigned tasks expressed as a fraction of the total knowledge required for the assigned tasks
Agent with high knowledge congruence can be capable of carrying out the assigned tasks, even if some connections become unreliable in case of emergency.
Robustness
Out-degree centrality
In an agent by knowledge network, the out-degree centrality identifies the actors connected to a high number of pieces of knowledge.
A high out-degree centrality means that the actor could activate different sources or connections in case of crisis.
Redundancy
Cognitive demand
Individuals who are strong emergent leaders are likely to be not just connected to many people, organizations, tasks, events, areas of expertise, and resources but also are engaged in complex tasks where they may not have all the needed resources or knowledge and so have to coordinate with others or have other reasons why they need to coordinate or share data or resources.
Emergent leaders in emergency management are the actors that, because of their connections with agents and knowledge, are capable of mobilizing crucial resources.
Resourcefulness
Closeness centrality
Closeness reveals how long it takes information to spread from one node to others in the network. High-scoring nodes in closeness have the shortest paths to all others in the network. It would follow that such nodes could monitor the information flow in an organization better than most others that have a lesser closeness value.
Nodes with the highest value in this measure will have the best picture of what is happening in the network as a whole. An actor with short paths can rapidly distribute information and have rapid access to pieces of information, thus minimizing the time needed to perform key response tasks.
