Integrating “Hard” and “Soft” Infrastructural Resilience Assessment for Water Distribution Systems
Table 7
Economic dimension of resilience: GT measures related to the soft infrastructural system.
Metric
Description
Meaning for the economic dimension
Resilience dimension
Hub centrality
A node is hub-central to the extent that its out-links are to nodes that have many in-links. Individuals or organizations that act as hubs are crucial in the interaction with a wide range of others.
It supports identifying the centrality of specific resources (i.e., economic resources) in order to complete all the tasks that are needed during emergency management, including particularly water supply in case of loss of functionality.
Redundancy
Capability
Detects entities with high or low degree relative to other entities. The formula discounts for the fact that most elements have some connections and assumes that there is a general discount to having large numbers of connections.
It helps assess the capability of economic resources to enhance capacity, limit damages, and optimize recovery.
Resourcefulness
Closeness centrality
Closeness reveals how long it takes an element to spread from one node to another in the network. High-scoring nodes in closeness have the shortest paths to all others in the network.
If economic resources have short paths, they can rapidly be used to activate other resources needed in emergency management, to quickly return to preevent functional levels.
