Approach to Online Defect Monitoring in Fused Deposition Modeling Based on the Variation of the Temperature Field

Table 2

The actual initial stage and the theoretical initial stage of 10 pairs of samples.

Product	Feature value	Theoretical segmentation point	Actual segmentation point	Coincidence point
d14h20	Mean	14, 20, 44, 55	14, 52, 69	14
	Minimum value	14, 29		14
	Maximum value	10, 52, 69, 70		52, 69, 70
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	10, 52, 69, 70		52, 69, 70
	Variance	10, 15, 17		15
d16h20	Mean	16, 23, 32, 66	16, 55, 66	16, 66
	Minimum value	17, 26, 39, 65		17, 66
	Maximum value	42, 55, 60, 66		42, 66
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	42, 55, 60, 66		42, 66
	Variance	42, 55, 60, 66		42, 66
d18h20	Mean	14, 20, 33	12, 29, 76	14
	Minimum value	14, 35, 42, 69		14
	Maximum value	27, 31, 72, 76		27, 76
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	27, 31, 72, 76		27, 76
	Variance	41, 61, 75, 76		75, 76
d20h20	Mean	9, 15, 36, 51	10, 36, 56	9, 36
	Minimum value	5, 16, 39, 51
	Maximum value	35, 36, 57, 59		35, 36, 57
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	35, 36, 57, 59		35, 36, 57
	Variance	35, 36, 57, 59		35, 36, 57
d24h20	Mean	18, 24, 32, 43	24, 43, 60	24, 43
	Minimum value	24, 32, 40		24
	Maximum value	5, 43, 60		43, 60
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	5, 43, 60		43, 60
	Variance	5, 49, 60		60
k20h20	Mean	7, 42, 75	9, 42, 75	7, 42, 75
	Minimum value	9, 10, 41		9, 10, 41
	Maximum value	7, 32, 75		7, 75
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	9, 42, 75		9, 42, 75
	Variance	7, 42, 75		7, 42, 75
c16h20	Mean	10, 13, 18	13, 37, 51	13
	Minimum value	2, 9, 28, 56
	Maximum value	8, 12, 37, 51		12, 37, 51
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	12, 37, 51		12, 37, 51
	Variance	11, 12, 37, 51		11, 12, 37, 51
c20h20	Mean	10, 13, 30, 39	8, 26, 58	10
	Minimum value	5, 13, 26		26
	Maximum value	51, 58, 65		58
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	17, 26, 53, 58, 65		26, 58
	Variance	7, 49, 59, 65		7, 59
c20h16	Mean	12, 14, 36	13, 23, 37	12, 14, 36
	Minimum value	6, 13, 22, 37		13, 22, 37
	Maximum value	12, 14, 23		12, 14, 23
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	12, 14, 39		12, 14, 39
	Variance	12, 13		12, 13
yt17h20	Mean	20, 26, 71, 73	14, 26, 54	26
	Minimum value	20, 35, 70
	Maximum value	44, 54, 67, 73		54
	Cross-sectional temperature difference	16, 26, 44, 73		16, 26
	Variance	16, 26, 49, 73		16, 26

Note: each segment point is allowed 1 to 2 layers of deviation.