Minimization of Drug Shortages in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains: A Simulation-Based Analysis of Drug Recall Patterns and Inventory Policies

Table 1

Model parameters.

Parameter	Definition	Value
(Time to review inventory and place an order at Hc, Ws, Ds, Mn)	Review period length	1 week
(Lead-time from the upstream node to a downstream node)	Time required to transport/ship products between upstream nodes and downstream nodes	2 weeks
Manufacturing cycle time	Time between the production decision point and the first shipment point	3 weeks
(Forecast demand time period Hc, Ws, Ds, Mn)	Number of previous time periods used in the estimation and the forecast of demand	12 weeks
(Cycle service level)	The CSL parameter defines the inventory policy and level of safety stock held by Hc, Ws, Ds, and Mn	0.95 (initial value)