Research Article

Numerical Modeling and Investigation on Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of Pantographs in High-Speed Trains

Figure 9

Distribution contours of velocity isosurface based on Q-criterion for pantographs.
(a) Velocity isosurface = 500/s2
(b) Velocity isosurface = 1000/s2
(c) Velocity isosurface = 2000/s2
(d) Velocity isosurface = 5000/s2
(e) Velocity isosurface = 10000/s2
(f) Velocity isosurface = 20000/s2