Improved Firefly Algorithm: A Novel Method for Optimal Operation of Thermal Generating Units

Table 3

Result comparison for five benchmark functions.

Function	Method	Min.	Std. dev.	value	value	value
(Sphere)	FA	47,343	5474.1	−6.154	0	0
	IFA1	2381.5	488.8	−6.154	0	0
	IFA2	21.77	8.72	−6.154	0	0
	IFA3	154.198	24.3	−6.154	0	0
	IFA	0.6537	0.1865
(Rastrigin)	FA	98.6076	21.2183	−6.154	0	0
	IFA1	60.57	125.05	−6.154	0	0
	IFA2	6.42	58.08	−6.154	0	0
	IFA3	48.58	32.72	−6.154	0	0
	IFA	0.17654	11.1474
(Ackly)	FA	19.4832	0.2661	−6.154	0	0
	IFA1	11.521	1.1903	−6.154	0	0
	IFA2	2.7034	0.1023	−6.154	0	0
	IFA3	5.577	2.1884	−6.154	0	0
	IFA	0.69	0.0481
(Griewank)	FA	436.1885	55.157	−6.154	0	0
	IFA1	16.67	42.97	−6.154	0	0
	IFA2	0.009611	0.165	−6.154	0	0
	IFA3	0.33162	5.993	−6.154	0	0
	IFA	0.00020344	5.1E − 05
(Schwelfel)	FA	49,347	7517.8	−6.154	0	0
	IFA1	249.4881	76.65	−6.154	0	0
	IFA2	16.19	15.59	−6.154	0	0
	IFA3	36.72	36.12	−6.154	0	0
	IFA	4.0252	0.292