A Time-Dependent Fuzzy Programming Approach for the Green Multimodal Routing Problem with Rail Service Capacity Uncertainty and Road Traffic Congestion

Table 1

Literature review of the articles in the multimodal routing problem.

Articles	Due date consideration		Rail schedule constraints		CO2 emission optimization		Road traffic congestion		Rail service capacity
	Time point	Time window	Yes	No	Charging method	Bi-objective optimization	Yes	No	Uncapacitated	Capacitated
Chang (2008) [60]			American scenario					★		Deterministic
Sun et al. (2008) [23]				★				★		Deterministic
Jiang and Lu (2009) [24]	Hard			★				★	★
Çakır (2009) [62]				★				★		Deterministic
Cai et al. (2010) [25]				★				★		Deterministic
Chang et al. (2010) [37]				★	★			★		Deterministic
Liu et al. (2011) [30]	Hard		Scheduled departure time					★		Deterministic
Zhang et al. (2011) [21]	Soft			★	★			★	★
Moccia et al. (2011) [63]			Italian scenario					★		Deterministic
Ayar and Yaman (2012) [64]	Hard			★				★		Deterministic
Verma et al. (2012) [17]	Hard			★				★		Deterministic
Sun and Chen (2013) [40]				★		★		★	★
Wen et al. (2013) [38]	Hard			★	★			★		Deterministic
Xiong and Wang (2014) [26]				★				★	★
Demir et al. (2015) [20]	Soft		Scheduled departure time		★		Stochastic			Deterministic
Lin (2015) [31]			Scheduled departure time					★		Deterministic
Sun and Lang (2015) [2]	Hard		Chinese scenario		★			★		Deterministic
Uddin and Huynh (2016) [11]	Hard			★			Stochastic			Deterministic
Hrušovský et al. [14]	Soft		Scheduled departure time		★		Stochastic			Deterministic
Qu et al. (2016) [41]				★		★		★		Deterministic
Sun et al. (2016) [19]	Hard		Chinese scenario					★		Deterministic
Zhang et al. (2017) [22]		Hard		★	★			★	★