Stability Analysis of the Bat Algorithm Described as a Stochastic Discrete-Time State-Space System

Table 1

Benchmark functions used for calculating the quality function and analysing the efficiency of BA with specified parameters (the loudness and emission rate ) used during experiments.

Function	Search range	Type of function	min	Loudness	Emission rate
Sphere	[−5.12–5.12]	Unimod.	0	0.01	0.1
Griewank	[−600–600]	Multim.	0	4	0.1
Ackley	[−32,768–32,768]	Multim.	0	0.7	0.6
Schwefel	[−500–500]	Multim.	0	1.1	0.1