Research Article

A Population-Based Optimization Method Using Newton Fractal

Table 1

Benchmark for NPO, PSO, and FA: tested with 28 10-dimensional functions from CEC 2013 competition.

FunctionBestWorstMedianMeanVariance

1NPO
PSO
FA

2NPO
PSO
FA

3NPO
PSO
FA

4NPO
PSO
FA

5NPO
PSO
FA

6NPO
PSO
FA

7NPO
PSO
FA

8NPO
PSO
FA

9NPO
PSO
FA

10NPO
PSO
FA

11NPO
PSO
FA

12NPO
PSO
FA

13NPO
PSO
FA

14NPO
PSO
FA

15NPO
PSO
FA

16NPO
PSO
FA

17NPO
PSO
FA

18NPO
PSO
FA

19NPO
PSO
FA

20NPO
PSO
FA

21NPO
PSO
FA

22NPO
PSO
FA

23NPO
PSO
FA

24NPO
PSO
FA

25NPO
PSO
FA

26NPO
PSO
FA

27NPO
PSO
FA

28NPO
PSO
FA