Two-Phase Incremental Kernel PCA for Learning Massive or Online Datasets

Table 1

Learning time (sec) for proposed and comparison methods.

	Training stage	Testing stage
KPCA	1.067 ± 0.03	0.203 ± 0.006
IKPCA-RS	0.201 ± 0.0032	0.007 ± 0.0003
INKPCA	0.145 ± 0.0041	0.201 ± 0.004
TP-IKPCA	0.087 ± 0.0026	0.004 ± 0.0002
Notice	The training number N=500 and the basis number r=9 in TP-IKPCA.