Models to Assess the Effects of Nonsmooth Control and Stochastic Perturbation on Pest Control: A Pest-Natural-Enemy Ecosystem

<p>Solutions of model (<a href="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/complexity/volume-2019/8326164/figures/#EEq14">47</a>), parameters are fixed as <span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.7178pt" id="M172" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 493.573 12.7178" width="493.573pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M393 379C402 394 400 411 393 422C384 437 365 448 348 448C301 448 237 372 186 285H182L193 335C210 408 205 448 178 448C150 448 80 402 29 344L45 321C80 355 114 373 122 373C128 373 130 365 124 330C106 228 76 98 50 -5L57 -12C82 -5 112 3 132 6L172 203C196 256 234 304 254 329C275 355 293 367 306 367C318 367 330 360 342 348C347 343 355 343 365 350S386 367 393 379Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.12,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.383,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 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Complexity

fig5

Figure 5

Figure 5: Models to Assess the Effects of Nonsmooth Control and Stochastic Perturbation on Pest Control: A Pest-Natural-Enemy Ecosystem 