ResearchArticle

An Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Unconstrained Optimization

Table 2

Assessment of different methods in numerical optimization problems of the CEC 2009 benchmark.

FunctionF1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9F10F11F12F13F14F15F16F17F18F19F20F21F22F23F24F25F26

GA1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)7 × (1.49E − 2 ± 7.36E − 3)11 × (1.34E − 2 ± 4.53E − 3)8 × (1.1E + 1 ± 1.39)11 × (7.40E + 3 ± 1.14E + 3)11 × (1.22E + 3 ± 2.66E + 2)11 × (1.17E + 3 ± 7.66E + 1)11 × (1.11E + 3 ± 7.42E + 1)11 × (1.48E + 2 ± 1.24E + 1)11 × (1.81E − 1 ± 2.71E − 2)11 × (4.24E − 3 ± 4.76E − 3)1 + (0 ± 0)11 × (6.83E − 2 ± 7.82E − 2)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)11 × (1.96E + 5 ± 3.85E + 4)11 × (1.06E + 1 ± 1.16)11 × (1.47E + 1 ± 1.78E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)9 × (4.29E − 2 ± 9.79E − 2)8 × (1.63E − 1 ± 1.41E − 1)11 × (5.29E+1 ± 4.56)
MRPSO1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)10 × (1.14 ± 4.58E − 1)10 × (1.13E − 2 ± 3.65E − 2)10 × (7.27E − 1 ± 7.3E − 10)7 × (5.54 ± 5.71)4 × (4.58E − 1 ± 1.03E − 8)9 × (3.55 ± 3.12E − 1)10 × (1.12 ± 4.47E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)2 − (1.52E − 5 ± 1.75E − 5)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)6 × (1.63E + 1 ± 2.24E + 1)10 × (4.57E − 1 ± 7.21E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 +  (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)11 × (2.91 ± 7.86E − 1)7 × (1.15E − 1 ± 1.99E − 2)6 × (3.36E + 1 ± 2.18E + 1)
EPSDE10 × (1.48E − 5 ± 1.64E − 5)11 × (1.04E − 1 ± 3.56E − 5)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)6 × (5.26 ± 5.04)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)10 × (1.02E − 1 ± 1.56E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)7 × (1.67E + 1 ± 2.19E + 1)8 × (8.25E − 2 ± 8.69E − 2)10 × (2.14E − 1 ± 5.49E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)11 × (1.32E − 3± 1.49E − 3)1 + (0 ± 0)6 × (1.67E − 3 ± 3.6E − 4)4 × (6.68E − 3 ± 1.49E − 2)7 × (3.88E + 1 ± 1.11E + 1)
PSO1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)10 × (6.67E − 1 ± 1.03E − 8)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)6 × (1.16E − 3 ± 2.81E − 4)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)5 × (1.51E + 1 ± 2.42E + 1)7 × (1.74E − 2 ± 2.08E − 2)9 × (1.65E − 1 ± 4.94E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)11 × (2.28E − 1 ± 1.2E − 1)10 × (2.2 ± 2.57E − 1)11 × (5.65 ± 5.03E − 1)8 × (4.4E + 1 ± 1.17E + 1)
FA1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)9 × (2.73E − 1 ± 1.15E − 11)10 × (1.47E + 2 ± 4.49E + 2)5 × (6.67E − 1 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)9 × (3.66E − 3 ± 1.4E − 3)1 + (0 ± 0)1+ (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)9 × (2.02E+1 ± 1.15)1 + (0 ± 0)6 × (6.56E − 10 ± 1.24E − 9)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)7 × (3.18E − 3 ± 9.27E − 2)9 × (3.65E − 1 ± 2.82E − 1)10 × (4.79E + 1 ± 1.61E + 1)
BA11 × (1.88E − 5 ± 1.94E − 5)10 × (6.13E − 5 ± 4.5E − 5)1 + (0 ± 0)9 × (1.12 ± 4.66E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)9 × (6.67E − 1 ± 1.16E − 9)10 × (5.12 ± 3.92E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 − (1.72E − 6 ± 1.85E − 6)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)10 × (2.88E + 1 ± 1.06E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)10 × (5.33E − 4 ± 7.47E − 4)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)
CCABC1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)11 × (1.32 ± 7.66E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)8 × (6.57 ± 6.13)3 × (2.35E − 1 ± 2.66E − 10)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)4 × (4.25E − 4 ± 7.65E − 3)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)4 × (1.44E + 1 ± 2.96E + 1)9 × (9.74E − 2 ± 9.77E − 2)8 × (1.14E − 1 ± 3.26E − 1)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)5 × (5.52E − 4 ± 7.85E − 3)10 × (5.45E − 1 ± 2.89E − 2)9 × (4.5E + 1 ± 1.19E + 1)
DE1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)8 × (4.09E − 2 ± 8.2E − 2)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)8 × (6.67E − 1 ± 1E − 9)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)7 × (1.36E − 3 ± 4.2E − 4)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)8 × (1.82E + 1 ± 5.04)5 × (1.48E − 3 ± 2.96E − 3)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)8 × (4.22E − 3±1.25E − 2)6 × (6.91E − 2 ± 6.42E − 2)5 × (1.17E + 1 ± 2.54)
PBOA1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1+(0 ± 0)11 × (7.59E − 1 ± 7.1E − 10)1 + (0 ± 0)7 × (6.67E − 1 ± 5.65E − 10)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)8 × (6.78E − 3 ± 1.33E − 3)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)3 × (4.28 ± 5.79)6 × (4.68E − 3 ± 6.72E − 3)7 × (3.12E − 8 ± 3.98E − 8)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)
NPSO1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)9 × (8.51 ± 8.77)5 × (6.67E − 1 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)5 × (9.7E − 4 ± 1.25E − 3)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)2 × (1.04E − 7 ± 2.95E − 7)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)1 + (0 ± 0)4 × (6.68E − 3 ± 1.49E − 2)1 + (0 ± 0)
APSOA1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)3(3.47E − 5 ± 2.33E − 6)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)1(0 ± 0)

The value below means that the average of the best values found by the method on 30 independent runs over function is and the standard deviation is . It also means that the rank of the method among all methods over function is . The sign & indicates that the proposed method performance is superior/inferior/equal to that of the method , if its value is  + /−/ × .