How Does Technology Import and Export Affect the Innovative Performance of Firms? From the Perspective of Emerging Markets Firms

Table 4

Logit regressions results.

	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6
	Product	Product	Product	Process	Process	Process
Control variables
Firm age	−0.028	−0.021	−0.032	0.073	0.048	0.057
	(0.153)	(0.159)	(0.161)	(0.195)	(0.205)	(0.206)
Firm size	0.193	0.108	0.100	0.343	0.292	0.302
	(0.064)	(0.069)	(0.069)	(0.084)	(0.089)	(0.090)
Top managers’ experience	0.319	0.283	0.304	0.306	0.259	0.269
	(0.181)	(0.187)	(0.186)	(0.206)	(0.211)	(0.214)
State ownership	−0.018	−0.017	−0.017	−0.037	−0.037	−0.036
	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)
Foreign ownership	−0.001	−0.009	−0.009	0.002	−0.008	−0.007
	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)
Diversification	2.707	2.396	2.406	3.539	3.302	3.272
	(0.616)	(0.633)	(0.633)	(0.976)	(1.020)	(1.028)
Formal competition	−0.075	−0.133	−0.125	−0.026	−0.191	−0.215
	(0.112)	(0.118)	(0.118)	(0.140)	(0.150)	(0.152)
Human capital	0.201	0.174	0.178	0.166	0.160	0.164
	(0.046)	(0.047)	(0.047)	(0.061)	(0.063)	(0.064)
Informal competition (IC)	0.115	0.086	0.001	0.133	0.084	0.216
	(0.090)	(0.092)	(0.106)	(0.125)	(0.129)	(0.149)
Independent variables
Exporter (EP)		0.377	−0.469		0.661	1.203
		(0.199)	(0.439)		(0.300)	(0.630)
Technology import (TI)		1.367	1.445		1.652	3.146
		(0.200)	(0.468)		(0.342)	(0.903)
ICEP			H1: 0.468			H2: −0.301
			(0.218)			(0.301)
ICTI			H3: −0.040			H4: 0.760
			(0.228)			(0.405)
Constant	−2.622	−1.931	−1.844	0.702	1.920	1.648
	(0.897)	(0.944)	(0.952)	(1.454)	(1.508)	(1.520)
Location effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Industry effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	1186	1186	1186	1186	1186	1186
Pseudo R2	0.238	0.273	0.276	0.331	0.372	0.376
Wald chi square	392.151	447.389	452.170	375.871	418.901	423.491
Log likelihood	−627.814	−595.225	−592.834	−379.237	−353.812	−351.517

Standard errors are in parentheses. , , and .