How Does Technology Import and Export Affect the Innovative Performance of Firms? From the Perspective of Emerging Markets Firms

Table 5

Tobit regressions results for product/process innovation performance (continuous variable).

	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6
	Product performance	Product performance	Product performance	Process performance	Process performance	Process performance
Control variables
Firm age	−1.616	−1.596	−1.745	−1.144	−1.239	−1.178
	(1.875)	(1.821)	(1.818)	(1.249)	(1.237)	(1.236)
Firm size	1.854	0.494	0.453	1.272	0.500	0.562
	(0.780)	(0.798)	(0.796)	(0.517)	(0.534)	(0.534)
Top managers’ experience	3.831	3.355	3.495	3.334	2.865	2.725
	(2.176)	(2.125)	(2.116)	(1.395)	(1.388)	(1.386)
State ownership	−0.206	−0.184	−0.188	−0.264	−0.251	−0.250
	(0.063)	(0.062)	(0.061)	(0.041)	(0.041)	(0.041)
Foreign ownership	−0.005	−0.087	−0.085	−0.010	−0.060	−0.060
	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.030)	(0.031)	(0.031)
Diversification	19.751	16.543	16.471	11.583	10.608	10.678
	(6.520)	(6.359)	(6.342)	(4.454)	(4.435)	(4.423)
Formal competition	−0.361	−1.081	−0.932	0.965	0.502	0.404
	(1.377)	(1.348)	(1.346)	(0.950)	(0.944)	(0.942)
Human capital	1.980	1.525	1.566	1.000	0.813	0.768
	(0.534)	(0.521)	(0.520)	(0.355)	(0.353)	(0.353)
Informal competition	−0.019	−0.250	−1.458	−0.693	−0.782	−0.581
	(1.099)	(1.070)	(1.275)	(0.741)	(0.736)	(0.863)
Independent variables
Exporter		4.947	−4.116		5.520	11.461
		(2.189)	(4.864)		(1.520)	(3.379)
Technology import		15.513	14.698		5.628	1.615
		(2.119)	(4.723)		(1.483)	(3.338)
ICEP			H1: 4.756			H2: −3.193
			(2.280)			(1.618)
ICTI			H3: 0.376			H4: 2.303
			(2.264)			(1.316)
Constant	−19.809	−9.787	−8.302	−1.046	5.540	6.294
	(11.092)	(10.921)	(10.987)	(7.350)	(7.366)	(7.427)
Var(e.product_perfor)	648.564	605.959	602.132
	(40.826)	(38.011)	(37.761)
Var(e.process_perfor)				348.511	339.842	338.150
				(16.773)	(16.382)	(16.300)
Location effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Industry effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	1186	1186	1186	1186	1186	1186
Pseudo R2	0.057	0.066	0.067	0.042	0.045	0.046
Wald chi square	380.088	440.608	445.307	371.974	403.556	408.387
Log likelihood	−3158.1295	−3118.8029	−3116.4533	−4274.8976	−4235.7602	−4233.3446

Standard errors are in parentheses. , , and .