Simulation Framework for Cyber-Physical Production System: Applying Concept of LVC Interoperation

Table 1

Characteristics of live, virtual, and constructive.

Characteristic	Live	Virtual	Constructive
Unit	Real	Real	Virtual
Environment	Real	Virtual	Virtual
Type	Real work	Process simulator, 3D virtual factory	Manufacturing facilities
Tool	IoT sensors, camera	HID, VR/AR device	Personal computer
Objective	Training, real data acquisition	Training	Analysis
Pros and cons	Realistic simulation, but requires a lot of cost and time	Actual environment is unnecessary	Rapid analysis time and less cost, but high abstraction level