Graph Concatenations to Derive Weighted Fractal Networks

Figure 1

From the left to the right, , , and . is a 5-cycle, whose edges have weight 5. For each , the red point of denotes the beginning node, and the blue points of denote the end nodes. Set . Thickness of the lines reproduces edge weights: the thicker the line, the larger the weight.

(a)

(b)

(c)