Information Linkage between Carbon and Energy Markets: Multiplex Recurrence Network Approach

Table 2

RQA measures of the six series of Gaussian noise, carbon prices, and energy prices.

		Gaussian noise	Carbon price	Oil price	Coal price	Natural gas price	Gasoline price
Second stage of EU ETS (2011/02/22–2012/12/31)	RR	0.0052	0.1985	0.0533	0.0776	0.0731	0.0347
	DET	0.0003	0.9649	0.7293	0.8803	0.8328	0.6136
	L	0.0052	14.4102	3.7267	5.8783	5.0159	2.9973
	ENTR	0.0091	2.2336	1.2171	1.6204	1.4946	1.0225
Third stage of EU ETS (2017/05/25–2019/04/01)	RR	0.0044	0.1177	0.0710	0.1173	0.2552	0.0885
	DET	0.0000	0.8685	0.8356	0.9714	0.9124	0.8836
	L	0.0000	7.0627	4.8162	5.5321	5.5309	5.8236
	ENTR	0.0000	1.4513	1.5598	2.4583	1.8076	1.7606