Evaluation of the Urban Low-Carbon Sustainable Development Capability Based on the TOPSIS-BP Neural Network and Grey Relational Analysis

Table 5

2009–2013 grey correlation coefficient of urban green development ability of Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou.

Variables	Beijing	Rank	Shanghai	Rank	Guangzhou	Rank	Shenzhen	Rank
R&D expenditure	0.780	6	0.633	17	0.501	19	0.675	9
Fixed assets investment in tertiary industry	0.801	3	0.617	20	0.557	11	0.699	7
Number of research and development institutions	0.747	12	0.686	11	0.830	2	0.579	20
Research and experimental development staff	0.769	9	0.689	10	0.454	20	0.715	5
National science and technology awards	0.674	17	0.901	2	0.518	18	0.629	15
Number of patents granted	0.806	1	0.751	6	0.530	14	0.715	4
Total energy consumption	0.726	15	0.903	1	0.911	1	0.736	3
Energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of regional GDP	0.701	16	0.684	12	0.544	12	0.659	12
Comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste	0.769	10	0.871	3	0.785	3	0.615	18
Comprehensive utilization rate of industrial waste	0.777	8	0.837	4	0.685	5	0.663	11
Total water consumption	0.778	7	0.743	7	0.618	10	0.765	2
Amount of industrial solid waste produced	0.733	14	0.630	18	0.527	15	0.649	13
Industrial solid waste disposal	0.667	18	0.740	8	0.666	6	0.617	17
Forest cover rate	0.611	20	0.761	5	0.643	8	0.580	19
Total wastewater discharge	0.737	13	0.695	9	0.745	4	0.685	8
Industrial waste gas emissions	0.756	11	0.623	19	0.634	9	0.781	1
GDP	0.784	4	0.656	15	0.524	17	0.703	6
Technology market turnover	0.802	2	0.660	13	0.536	13	0.623	16
Added value of tertiary industry	0.782	5	0.655	16	0.525	16	0.671	10
Reduction rate of energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP	0.658	19	0.657	14	0.645	7	0.649	14