Review Article
Evaluation of the Urban Low-Carbon Sustainable Development Capability Based on the TOPSIS-BP Neural Network and Grey Relational Analysis
Table 5
2009–2013 grey correlation coefficient of urban green development ability of Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou.
| Variables | Beijing | Rank | Shanghai | Rank | Guangzhou | Rank | Shenzhen | Rank |
| R&D expenditure | 0.780 | 6 | 0.633 | 17 | 0.501 | 19 | 0.675 | 9 | Fixed assets investment in tertiary industry | 0.801 | 3 | 0.617 | 20 | 0.557 | 11 | 0.699 | 7 | Number of research and development institutions | 0.747 | 12 | 0.686 | 11 | 0.830 | 2 | 0.579 | 20 | Research and experimental development staff | 0.769 | 9 | 0.689 | 10 | 0.454 | 20 | 0.715 | 5 | National science and technology awards | 0.674 | 17 | 0.901 | 2 | 0.518 | 18 | 0.629 | 15 | Number of patents granted | 0.806 | 1 | 0.751 | 6 | 0.530 | 14 | 0.715 | 4 | Total energy consumption | 0.726 | 15 | 0.903 | 1 | 0.911 | 1 | 0.736 | 3 | Energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of regional GDP | 0.701 | 16 | 0.684 | 12 | 0.544 | 12 | 0.659 | 12 | Comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste | 0.769 | 10 | 0.871 | 3 | 0.785 | 3 | 0.615 | 18 | Comprehensive utilization rate of industrial waste | 0.777 | 8 | 0.837 | 4 | 0.685 | 5 | 0.663 | 11 | Total water consumption | 0.778 | 7 | 0.743 | 7 | 0.618 | 10 | 0.765 | 2 | Amount of industrial solid waste produced | 0.733 | 14 | 0.630 | 18 | 0.527 | 15 | 0.649 | 13 | Industrial solid waste disposal | 0.667 | 18 | 0.740 | 8 | 0.666 | 6 | 0.617 | 17 | Forest cover rate | 0.611 | 20 | 0.761 | 5 | 0.643 | 8 | 0.580 | 19 | Total wastewater discharge | 0.737 | 13 | 0.695 | 9 | 0.745 | 4 | 0.685 | 8 | Industrial waste gas emissions | 0.756 | 11 | 0.623 | 19 | 0.634 | 9 | 0.781 | 1 | GDP | 0.784 | 4 | 0.656 | 15 | 0.524 | 17 | 0.703 | 6 | Technology market turnover | 0.802 | 2 | 0.660 | 13 | 0.536 | 13 | 0.623 | 16 | Added value of tertiary industry | 0.782 | 5 | 0.655 | 16 | 0.525 | 16 | 0.671 | 10 | Reduction rate of energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP | 0.658 | 19 | 0.657 | 14 | 0.645 | 7 | 0.649 | 14 |
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