Evaluation of the Urban Low-Carbon Sustainable Development Capability Based on the TOPSIS-BP Neural Network and Grey Relational Analysis

Table 6

2014–2018 China’s first-tier cities’ green development capacity grey correlation coefficient.

Variables	Beijing	Rank	Shanghai	Rank	Guangzhou	Rank	Shenzhen	Rank
R&D expenditure	0.899	7	0.841	10	0.851	4	0.693	5
Fixed assets investment in tertiary industry	0.913	4	0.851	9	0.784	9	0.698	3
Number of research and development institutions	0.870	11	0.922	3	0.818	8	0.684	9
Research and experimental development staff	0.929	1	0.982	1	0.655	15	0.680	13
National science and technology awards	0.598	20	0.609	16	0.784	10	0.655	15
Number of patents granted	0.919	3	0.776	11	0.874	1	0.719	2
Total energy consumption	0.724	13	0.494	19	0.578	19	0.621	19
Energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of regional GDP	0.921	2	0.967	2	0.781	11	0.681	12
Comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste	0.622	18	0.462	20	0.745	12	0.623	17
Comprehensive utilization rate of industrial waste	0.676	17	0.577	17	0.655	16	0.622	18
Total water consumption	0.902	5	0.691	14	0.839	6	0.688	8
Amount of industrial solid waste produced	0.870	10	0.912	4	0.662	14	0.684	10
Industrial solid waste disposal	0.677	16	0.620	15	0.627	18	0.665	14
Forest cover rate	0.763	12	0.878	6	0.851	3	0.693	6
Total wastewater discharge	0.690	15	0.894	5	0.727	13	0.684	11
Industrial waste gas emissions	0.715	14	0.508	18	0.504	20	0.566	20
GDP	0.900	6	0.866	8	0.828	7	0.692	7
Technology market turnover	0.886	9	0.723	12	0.855	2	0.749	1
Added value of tertiary industry	0.895	8	0.867	7	0.847	5	0.694	4
Reduction rate of energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP	0.620	19	0.697	13	0.644	17	0.643	16