Why Is Collaborative Agglomeration of Innovation so Important for Improving Regional Innovation Capabilities? A Perspective Based on Collaborative Agglomeration of Industry-University-Research Institution

Table 2

Qualitative description of variables.

Variable name	Notation	Unit	Connotation	Calculation method
Interpreted variable	PA	Piece/person	Regional innovation capacity at the knowledge innovation stage	Per capita domestic patent applications granted to R&D personnel in IUR
	RNP	10 million/person	Regional innovation capacity at the outcome transformation stage	New product sales revenue per capita for R&D personnel in IUR
Core explanatory variables	CO	—	Innovation collaborative agglomeration	Entropy method to measure the level of collaborative agglomeration between any two sectors of IUR
Control variables	HUM	%	Human capital	Proportion of population with postsecondary education or higher to regional population
	BASE	Ratio	Infrastructure	Share of total post- and telecommunications services in the gross regional product
	GOV	Ratio	Government support for innovation	Local fiscal expenditure on science and technology as a proportion of general local fiscal budget expenditure
	IND	Ratio	Industrial structure	Value added of secondary and tertiary industries as a proportion of regional GDP
	OPE	Ratio	Openness to the outside world	Foreign direct investment as a share of regional GDP